Essential Questions: Observations and Insights

Part of a unit of study called When the Truth Isn’t Sufficient. Preceded by The Age of the EssayWhat Is Literature For?The Practice of Empathy, and Organization: Getting Things Done. These preceding units covered the art and purpose of writing essays and reading literature; the central skill taught through literature, which is empathy; and the substructural organization needed to tackle complex texts and tasks.

Animating quotation by Tim O’Brien, author of the assured novel, The Things They Carried:

That’s what fiction is for. It’s for getting at the truth when the truth isn’t sufficient for the truth.


Essential Questions: Observations and Insights


These questions were assigned separately as part of the required writing for this unit:

  • What is the relationship between our stories and our identities?
  • To what extent are we all witnesses of history and messengers to humanity?
  • To what extent will the decisions we make now affect us and others in the future?
  • How does an individual keep his or her humanity when surrounded by inhumanity?
  • To what extent can we make the “right” moral decision when faced with adversity?

Student responses were collected through a Google Form. Those responses were then collated and reorganized:

This assignment was given to 120 seniors. They had a week in class to discuss these questions and then write their responses.

See Google Classroom for the formal assignment associated with your reading of these responses. Use this post’s comment section to share some of your insights, observations, and questions.

December 3, 2019


Resource Pack


Use what you learned about organization to sort this set of resources, which were posted to Google Classroom and distributed in class during the weather-related weirdness of the first two days this week:

That was the best use of our shortened schedule on Tuesday, so it’s being reposted here. As a reminder, here is what you were told on December 3, via what wsa cross-posted to Google Classroom:


River Essays: Feedback and Revision


This is a two-part exercise. First, we need a writing response. In this case:

River Writing: On Empathy

The writer has to find someone to read the work and give feedback. The writer also needs to prompt the reader with a preface of some sort — the Artifact Feedback Worksheet posted above takes care of this.

Second, the reader fills out the worksheet to give specific and actionable feedback. This has to be done by hand, at least for now, to make collection, redistribution, monitoring, etc, a little easier.

Since you’ll hand in a hard copy of this feedback worksheet, you’ll mark the upcoming Google Classroom assignment as done. That online version exists to give you the deadline and copies of the worksheet.

Q: What if you haven’t written anything?

If you haven’t written a response to this assignment, which was assigned a month ago, you can only give feedback. You’ll have to track down people who did the work to ask if you can read and comment on their writing. The students who share their work so that others can practice giving good feedback are creating evidence for a higher profile, so the reward is both the ability to improve the writing and a higher profile score.

Q: What about revisions?

The original December calendar required them by Friday, December 6. Due to snow cancellations and delays, that will become an optional revision due during Q2B (2/10–1/8). We’ll adjust the GAP worksheet and related resources together in class.


Essential Questions


We’ll finish our study of The Things They Carried this month, starting with a set of essential questions on themes explored by the novel. Note that some of these questions come from Facing History and Ourselves materials, including the FHAO resources for Elie Wiesel’s Night.

  1. What is the relationship between our stories and our identities?
  2. To what extent are we all witnesses of history and messengers to humanity?
  3. To what extent will the decisions we make now affect us and others in the future?
  4. How does an individual keep his or her humanity when surrounded by inhumanity?
  5. To what extent can we make the “right” moral decision when faced with adversity?

You will answer those five questions in two parts. First, you will complete this Google Form, which is also posted below. These responses will allow us to look, as a class, at all responses in an anonymous, collaborative fashion. Second, you will use what we gain from group discussions to expand on the original, individual answers.

The form: Essential Questions. Look to Google Classroom for the deadline, and mark that assignment as done when you’ve finished the form itself.

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest

This is the instructional hub for a study of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest.


Essential Questions


First, students will work in small groups to write answers to a set of essential questions adapted from the year-long questions suggested by the syllabus. These questions inform the literature and nonfiction we study.

  1. To what extent should we trust that what we see is what is really happening?
  2. To what extent should we trust our memories of the past?
  3. Is it better to be ignorant and happy, or to gain knowledge, even at the cost of happiness? Why?
  4. To what extent and in what ways does power corrupt?
  5. What does it look like to be truly alone, and what is the impact of loneliness on us?
  6. To what extent is human nature self-destructive?
  7. How should we deal with individuals who threaten a community?

Remember that you have precise feedback about how to answer essential questions thoroughly in this post: Insufficient vs. Sufficient Work.

We start with handwritten responses. After small-group discussions, those responses can be typed up and submitted for feedback.


Holt’s Threshold


Students will be given class time to read the novel and find what we call “Holt’s threshold.” We can then discuss whether to continue to read One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest or to select a work of equivalent literary merit. Here are the two relevant instructional posts:

The Reading Process

Choosing to Read [2018]


Non-Fiction


We will also study this nonfiction piece, written on the 50th anniversary of the novel:

Ken Kesey’s Wars: “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest” at 50

Ever since it was published 50 years ago critics have described Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest as the great nonconformist novel, but Nathaniel Rich writes that the novel’s true message is about the militarization of American society-and the trauma of war.

This is literary analysis and argument from Nathaniel Rich, who writes often about literature. The first paragraph:

When a novel becomes a “classic”—when it is digested by critics and English teachers and study guide authors into bite-size morsels that can be slurped with a spoon—it undergoes a peculiar type of transformation. For one, it ceases to resemble a novel. Even the messiest, most obstreperous books are reduced to a litany of bullet points, or a single bullet point. Moby Dick: Obsession devours. Crime and Punishment: Guilt corrupts. White Noise: Technology numbs. It can be disorienting to actually read the damn thing, and find out the epitaph is no more descriptive than a chapter title, and a misleading one at that.

This fits our approach to reading. For a refresher, look back at the reading process posts, or read this:

Well, Why Read?

The Invisible Man

From the 1933 film version of The Invisible Man.

From the 1933 film version of The Invisible Man, which is quite different from the novel. We will watch the film, regardless of your individual reading choices.


Essential Questions


In education, the sort of question you’ll find below is often called essential. The Greeks called these discussions dialectics. In brief, they are the reason we read and think and write: to answer questions that matter. Or, at least, to start to answer them.

You have a foundation now, and you’ve been using it to read and write. You know what is expected in a learning environment like this one1. You also have a reading process that guides us through literature and more:

The Reading Process

As you did with your first assigned, full-length novel, you are required to read enough of the next book to hit John Holt’s threshold, which will allow you to choose what to read. Before we get to the assigned book, remember that anything you read in here must

  1. teach you something about how you read;
  2. serve as “a tool to help us live and die with a little more wisdom, goodness, and sanity,” using most or all of the ideas under that aegis; and
  3. be well-written enough to teach you how to write.

The Invisible Man, by H.G. Wells


Your assigned novel is The Invisible Man, by H.G. Wells. This is a short, strange story that uses science fiction to grapple with issues of morality and society. It also has an excellent film adaptation that uses the idea of an invisible man to tell a much different story.

You can read the novel here:


More on why reading online helps later. First, you need to answer the essential questions that go with this novel:

  1. To what extent do you trust that what you see is what is really happening?
  2. To what extent do you trust your memories of the past?
  3. Would you want to be ignorant and happy, or have knowledge and be miserable? Why?
  4. To what extent and in what ways does power corrupt?
  5. What does it look like to be truly alone?
  6. To what extent is human nature self-destructive?
  7. How should we deal with individuals who threaten a community?

Define terms, seek examples, and, above all, talk to each other. Ask clarifying questions below in the comments. Use the makerspace to anchor your in-class conversations and then continue those conversations in writing. Share your observations and insights as often and widely as you can.

Note: As always, the formal assignment will be posted to Google Classroom, alongside copies of the novel and links to the other resources you need.

We will also add to these questions as we continue, shifting the language and focus as necessary. As you read and write, new questions will occur to you. This is Piet Hein’s idea: “Art is solving problems that cannot be formulated before they have been solved. The shaping of the question is part of the answer.”

Throughout all of this, work in writing as often as possible. Sketch out ideas, take notes, write metacognitive responses — whatever it takes to generate understanding and GAP evidence, since those are one and the same in this course. Look to Google Classroom for formal assignments, as always, and advocate for yourself when you feel lost.


Choosing to Read


Again, we are using John Holt’s litmus test for reading to choose what to read:

I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me…

I don’t want you to feel that just because you start a book, you have to finish it. Give an author thirty or forty pages or so to get his story going. Then if you don’t like the characters and don’t care what happens to them, close the book, put it away, and get another. I don’t care whether the books are easy or hard, short or long, as long as you enjoy them.

This time, you will use the protocol for choosing a work of literary merit after about nine chapters of The Invisible Man. At that point, if you want to start a different novel, you will be encouraged to choose one of the following:

These are shorter novels chosen as much for their length as the quality of the stories. They are also the same sort of science-fiction novel as The Invisible Man. If you want to choose a new novel other than these two, we’ll look first at Victorian science-fiction literature. Then we’ll look at more modern novels that cover the same concepts. So you’ll have choice within a predetermined framework.

We have a few copies of The Invisible Man on our bookshelf, almost a full class set of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, but no hard copies of The Time Machine. That’s okay: You should attempt to read these novels online when possible.


Reading Online


Here again is The Invisible Man:


The most compelling reason to use this online version is that we can also use Snap&Read to translate the text, Co:Writer to take notes, and an open browser tab to look up character and plot summaries. Your Chromebook (or other device) becomes a powerful tool for navigating an interesting but difficult text.

We will review Snap&Read and Co:Writer as we start this novel. If you have questions, ask them below.


  1. Which is an atelier model, by the way — a specific kind of makerspace that centralizes creativity and expertise through the ripple effect of teaching others. That’s worth mentioning in a footnote.